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Ciber-diálogo NY-Johannesburg: Copa 2010 y efectos para la mujer

March 13, 2010 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

El ciber-diálogo de Gender Links, para el jueves, 4 de marzo 2010, efectuó una conversación robusta sobre cómo mejorar el ambiente mediático de la Copa Mundial del 2010 respecto a los derechos de la mujer. Los, partícipes, en Nueva York y en Sudáfrica, se entrevistaron, cambiando ideas y comparando ambientes socio-culturales según favorezcan o no la entrada de las mujeres y las niñas en el ámbito del fútbol. Un ejemplo clave fue el caso de Estados Unidos, donde las niñas muchas veces tienen acceso a programas de deporte de la comunidad o a através de la escuela y donde las figuras más conocidas del fútbol internacional son mujeres como Mia Hamm.

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Gender Links Roundtable on Governance Calls for Resource-building

March 10, 2010 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

On the second morning of the 54th Commission on the Status of Women, Gender Links and the African Woman and Child Feature Service —through the Gender and Media Diversity Centre— hosted a roundtable dialogue involving Marren Akatsa-Bukachi of the Eastern African Sub-regional Support Initiative for the Advancement of Women (EASSI), Francisco Cos-Montiel of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Revai Makanje of Hivos, Norah Matovu-Winyi of the African Women’s Development and Communication Network, and Jennifer Lewis of Gender Links as facilitator, with Mwendabai Yeta Mkhize and myself providing event support and reporting.

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‘Psychic Numbing’: Why does mass suffering induce mass indifference?

February 27, 2010 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

‘Psychic numbing’ is a relatively new term, assigned to the phenomenon which shows people tend to feel less urgent compassion, and tend to give less, when the suffering in question is shown to be more systemic and more pervasive, or affecting larger numbers of people. Some psychologists believe it is linked to our intuitive sense that if one suffers alone, the suffering is worse, but if one is accompanied, there might be some security in numbers, not just emotionally, but practically.

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International Response to Congo War: How to Stop the Genocide

February 15, 2010 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

The war in the Democratic Republic of Congo has killed 6.9 million people in 12 years. No war has cost more innocent lives since World War II, and the level of extreme violence, brutality against women, and even the enslavement of families and villages, appears to be escalating. The world’s attention has yet to fully focus on the plight of the Congolese civilians living in a state of perpetual extreme crisis day after day.

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7 Million Dead, DR Congo Killing Continues; Int’l Response Lacking

February 12, 2010 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

The civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC / DR Congo) has claimed an estimated 6.9 million lives since 1998. The International Rescue Committee has estimated, through a peer-reviewed study, that an average of 45,000 people are dying every month as a result of the ongoing conflict in the eastern DRC. This makes the Congo war by far the deadliest war since World War II, though there is shockingly little energy in the international community to act to stop it.

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2nd Decade of the 21st Century: Gender Equality, Food Security & Counter-extremism

January 2, 2010 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

Because three issues alone will not adequately describe the breakthroughs we will experience in the coming decade, a second installment of the 2nd decade prognosis is necessary. While denuclearization pacts and a verification process for limiting the threat of nuclear weapons is likely to be key to international relations, and the green technology revolution will spur economic development around the world, international cooperation must also be directed toward issues relating to basic resources, like water and the food supply. Gender equality will be key to peacemaking efforts, and counter-extremism will be a leading aspect of collaborative development efforts.

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Glaciers Are not just a ‘Canary in the Coal Mine’

December 23, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

As ongoing global climate destabilization builds momentum, and fundamental climate-linked environmental processes come apart, we are hearing time and again that melting ice, whether in glaciers or in the Arctic Ocean, is “the canary in the coal mine”. The metaphor is very tempting, indeed, as coal is the most carbon-intensive fuel in use and a major contributing factor to global warming and climate destabilization, but the problem with the metaphor lies in the meaning of the canary being nothing more than an alarm signal. Glaciers are very much more important to human civilization than that.

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China, World Bank Plan Industrial Development Zones for Africa

December 14, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: No Comment Yet

The World Bank is working with the Chinese government to fund major industrial development in specific areas across Africa, as part of an effort to spur development and create jobs. The effort is needed in order to breathe new life into African cities that are experiencing population explosions, with little new investment to match the demand for resources and jobs. But three key factors raise questions about whether the China plan for African industry will be good for Africa.

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World Food Supply Under Threat from Environmental Factors

December 10, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

The global food supply is facing major security challenges, as warming global average temperatures and the destabilization of climate patterns and natural services undermine dependable agricultural cycles and threaten resources. The food supply is the most direct and visible connection between the breakdown of global climate systems and human health and wellbeing, but not the only link. The possible collapse of a major part of the human food supply means the collapse of agriculture, i.e. the breakdown of the human habitat.

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Malaria Kills Millions Every Year in Africa

November 23, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

Malaria is one of the 21st century’s great plagues. It is responsible for anywhere from 1 to 3 million deaths per year, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts to eradicate the disease are mounting: in the year 2000, just 3% of children under 5, in sub-Saharan Africa, slept with mosquito nets; by 2008, that figure had risen to 56%. Aid groups now project that aggressive preventive measures can protect 100% of the population by the end of 2010 and reduce the number of deaths to near zero by 2015.

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Doctors Without Borders (MSF) Aid in War-torn Congo: Video Report

November 10, 2009 :: staff :: No Comment Yet

This video is a report from Doctors without Borders (MSF) on their ongoing efforts to deliver much-needed medical aid to civilian populations across the war-torn Democratic Republican of Congo. MSF got into delivering aid to the DR Congo after the ethnic clashes in Rwanda that turned into the brutal Rwandan genocide. The mass exodus of refugees from that human catastrophe caused the violence to spill into DR Congo, and was one of the factors that sparked the brutal civil war there, which took 5.4 million lives between 1998 and 2008.

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MSF Says DR Congo Military Killed Civilians at Vaccination Clinics

November 10, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF/Doctors without Borders) is accusing the military of the Democratic Republic of Congo of firing on civilians at vaccination clinics it was running. MSF goes as far as to allege it was “used” as a means of luring large numbers of civilians to 7 different locations where Congolese troops allegedly fired into the crowds, in what appears to be an attempted assault on the rebel militia Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR), operating in northeastern DR Congo.

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Desperate for motherhood at any cost

November 9, 2009 :: staff :: No Comment Yet

By Maggie Mzumara
She thought she had no choice. She really did not see any. What she saw was a desperate situation which needed a quick, if desperate, choice. Earnest enough! But the law and society thought otherwise. That the choice she made was criminal and not perpetrated in earnest at all. Just, where were they [...]

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New attitude needed for women in business

October 30, 2009 :: admin :: No Comment Yet

It’s a busy day as usual in the city-centre, with everyone moving about their daily business. Looking around, it seems that you will mostly find women and girls sitting by the roadside selling fruits and vegetables, while men are operating bigger businesses, like construction.

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Ethiopia Needs Food Aid for 6.2 Million

October 26, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: No Comment Yet

The government of Ethiopia has issued an emergency appeal for food aid to prevent 6.2 million people from falling into chronic hunger. The collapse of harvests and prolonged severe drought conditions has made it near impossible for Ethiopia to provide food for its surging population. The new aid plea has international aid organizations and financial institutions scrambling to work out the real human need and arrange assistance.

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Women’s Rights are Security Imperative

September 23, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: One Comment

The issue of women’s equality is a question as old as human history. And even now, in the most modern of democracies, which guarantee more or less political and economic equality for women, there remain fundamental imbalances in rights, privileges and enforcement. Women are often guaranteed freedom from discrimination, but nevertheless suffer essential inequalities that do in fact alter the landscape of their choices and freedoms.

More on page 4514

UN Gen. Assembly Seeks Global Consensus on Economy, Environment, Rights

September 22, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

The UN General Assembly, which brings together every head of government in the world, to offer their country’s position on issues, their country’s demands regarding trade and conflict negotiations, their country’s hopes for a more harmonious world, this year truly grapples with issues of global consensus. Economic recovery, for many parts of the world, will require an unprecedented expansion of women’s rights and sustained attention to responsible environmental stewardship.

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Semenya Case Shows How Complex is Ethics of Fairness in Sport

September 16, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

Caster Semenya, the 18-year-old track-and-field phenomenon from South Africa, is a woman whose hormonal chemistry is unusual for the average adult female. Test results are reported to show that her body naturally secretes three times the normal female levels of testosterone, the dominant “male” hormone, which some competitors say gives her an “unfair advantage”. The issue has raised perhaps the most serious challenge to the notion of fairness in sport, and to conventional attitudes about gender.

More on page 4452

Global Food Supply Jeopardized by Converging Crisis-level Interferences

September 3, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

The security of the global food supply is deteriorating rapidly, due to a convergence of forces all related to long-gathering crisis-level erosions of the human agricultural prospect. Desertification, water scarcity, massive toxic runoff and oceanic wildlife collapse, are all putting the global food web under unprecedented stress.

More on page 4257

Kenya Facing Major Drought, 4 Million Require Food Aid

September 1, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: One Comment

Tens of thousands of head of livestock are dying in Kenya, due to one of the worst recorded droughts in the east African nation’s history. The UN is requesting $230 million in aid, and says 4 million people may face hunger if food aid is not delivered. Goatherds report being unable to get their herds to water, having to leave their animals along the way and carry what small amount of water they can back to the dying animals.

More on page 4244

World Bank Allowing Europe to Tap Congo Dam Power Sparks Outrage

August 24, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

Outrage ensued when it was announced that Europe could extract electricity from the Grand Inga dam project, in the war-torn Democratic Republic of Congo, deep in sub-Saharan Africa. At present, less than 30% of the African population has access to electricity, and in some countries, the figure is below 10%. The World Bank has found that the diversion of electricity to wealthier customers in Europe may be necessary to fund the project.

More on page 4153

Kenya Lion Population in Free Fall, Could Be Gone within 10 Years

August 20, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

Kenya’s famed big cat, the great lion of the African savannas, is suffering one of the most startling population collapses in the world. Losing more than 100 from the total every year for the last 7 years, there are only 2,000 wild lions remaining in all of Kenya, and experts fear they could be extinct there within 10 years. Habitat destruction and other environmental factors are key to the erosion of their numbers.

More on page 4120

53 Million in ‘Emerging Markets’ Plunged into Poverty by Great Recession

August 15, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

A World Bank study has projected that the global financial crisis and resulting recession will plunge some 53 million people across “emerging markets” —like China and India— into absolute poverty, in 2009 alone. In China, tens of millions of people have lost jobs related to the export-dependent manufacturing sector.

More on page 4049

Obama Awards 16 Medals of Freedom, Highest US Civilian Honor

August 13, 2009 :: staff :: One Comment

Pres. Barack Obama yesterday hosted 16 new Medal of Freedom recipients at the White House, honoring their lifelong contributions to the expansion of human understanding and the promotion of individual liberty and human dignity. Among the recipients were scientists and activists, soldiers and political leaders, preachers and athletes, native Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans, Africans and Asians. The 16 laureates exemplify not only rare talent and indomitable spirit, but also a devotion to human dignity and understanding.

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Clinton Demands Justice for Rape Victims in DR Congo

August 12, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: 3 Comments

Hillary Rodham Clinton, the US secretary of State, has denounced the brutal treatment to which women have been routinely subject during the long and many-faceted civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The DR Congo war has claimed an estimated 5 million lives since 1998, with only brief periods of relative calm in a war of many interests and shifting fronts. Even now, there are two conflicts raging in the eastern Kivu regions, and thousands of women are reported to have been raped this year alone.

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Natalya Estemirova & the Plight of Human Rights Investigators (discussion)

August 5, 2009 :: staff :: No Comment Yet

The north Caucasus region, Sudan’s Darfur, eastern DR Congo, Sri Lanka, Iraq and North Korea, are just an example of the range of physical risks journalists are facing. How can governments and news agencies work together to ensure greater freedom and better guarantees of protection for journalists doing the most necessary and most perilous work?

More on page 3905

Conflict Still Taking Innocent Lives in Eastern DR Congo

August 4, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: 2 Comments

Rebel groups backed by Rwandan emigrés appear to be stepping up attacks on civilians in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo. After more than 10 years of roving internal conflict, the DR Congo has seen an estimated 5 million killed, and now sees its UN-backed military unable to protect innocent civilians caught in the danger zone between their positions and those the rebels are using to stage attacks. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) now says 536,000 people have been forced to flee the fighting.

More on page 3894

Sudan Floggings Violate International Law

July 30, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

The government of Sudan has abducted a United Nations media worker and is preparing to issue a verdict that might have her flogged 40 times for the “crime” of wearing pants. According to Sudan’s extreme interpretation of Islamic law, the aid worker’s two-legged pants are considered to cause “harassment to the public sentiments”. She will be brutally whipped 40 times as punishment for risking the emotional discomfort of Sudanese citizens, by wearing pants that for most people conceal a woman’s body from view.

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Sexual Violence Against Darfuri Women Out of Control

July 25, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: 2 Comments

Life for women in Darfuri refugee camps in Sudan and neighboring Chad is extremely hard. Many have no access to any public authority that will investigate violence against women, and medical facilities are scarce to non-existent. While rape is rampant, and has allegedly been used as a “weapon of war” by the Khartoum backed militia engaged in a campaign of ethnic cleansing in Darfur, women are seldom able to find safety in seeking help from local authorities.

More on page 3791

Internet Access Must Be a Human Right

July 23, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

Access to the internet must be a basic human right, across the globe, for a number of reasons. First of all, legitimate, transparent democratic processes of government require in today’s world that information flow freely and that citizens be empowered to share information and to find information, according to their choices and their needs.

More on page 3734

The Evils of the Purge: Crushing Dissent & the False Promise of Finality

July 19, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

The Khmer Rouge sought to establish a red Khmer empire in Cambodia, with some ambitions of expansion beyond the nation’s borders, by stamping out any human life or mind that varied from the project, as narrowly conceived by Pol Pot and his murderous regime. The “killing fields” that ensued, with the mass slaughter of an estimated 1.5 million people, were an attempt to establish a new break in time, the time before and the time after the purification —as the regime proposed— of all Cambodia.

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Chocolate Biodiesel: an Unexpected New Horizon in Fuel Sourcing

July 11, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

Biodiesel is a controversial area of energy sourcing. Many believe it is a poor choice for breaking human dependence on carbon-based fuels, since it is essentially, yet another way of burning carbon to produce energy. But others say it is a healthy, incremental step, which can burn cleaner than petroleum fuels and will help diversify the scope of recycling and related inputs to the energy economy. Now chocolate is making its way into the biodiesel game.

More on page 3531

Obama Speech in Ghana Praises Good Governance, Calls for Community Outreach

July 11, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: No Comment Yet

Pres. Barack Obama praised African community values and called Africans to transcend conflict and promote government from the ground up and peaceful transfers of power, democratic values and international cooperation, in his first presidential visit to subsaharan Africa. Addressing Ghana’s parliament in Accra, Obama outlined US policy toward Africa and said endemic conflict was holding back African development.

More on page 3526

Obama Speech to Ghana Parliament, in Accra (video + transcript)

July 11, 2009 :: staff :: One Comment

Good morning. It is an honor for me to be in Accra, and to speak to the representatives of the people of Ghana. I am deeply grateful for the welcome that I’ve received, as are Michelle, Malia, and Sasha Obama. Ghana’s history is rich, the ties between our two countries are strong, and I am proud that this is my first visit to sub-Saharan Africa as President of the United States.

More on page 3522

Obama Weekly Address: on Recovery & Generating Future Jobs

July 11, 2009 :: staff :: No Comment Yet

At the G8 summit, leaders from nearly thirty nations met to discuss how we will collectively confront the urgent challenges of our time, from managing the global recession to fighting global warming to addressing global hunger and poverty. And in Ghana, I laid out my agenda for supporting democracy and development in Africa and around the world. But even as we make progress on these challenges abroad, my thoughts are on the state of our economy at home. And that’s what I want to talk to you about today.

More on page 3520

Niger Unrest Could Be Attempt to Control Uranium Supply

July 9, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: 3 Comments

Niger is the third leading source of uranium in the world, after Canada and Australia. Uranium accounts for as much as 70% of Niger’s export revenue. Pres. Mamadou Tandja ordered a referendum be held to amend the constitution, permitting him to remain in office. That order was overturned by the nation’s constitutional court, which Tandja subsequently dissolved, replacing the justices with jurists he believed would be more favorable to his interests.

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Obama Interview with AllAfrica, in Anticipation of Ghana Visit (video + transcript)

July 8, 2009 :: staff :: One Comment

Ghana has now undergone a couple of successful elections in which power was transferred peacefully, even a very close election. I think that the new President, President Mills, has shown himself committed to the rule of law, to the kinds of democratic commitments that ensure stability in a country. And I think that there is a direct correlation between governance and prosperity. Countries that are governed well, that are stable, where the leadership recognizes that they are accountable to the people and that institutions are stronger than any one person have a track record of producing results for the people. And we want to highlight that.

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Diversify Wheat Crops to Prevent Fungus-induced Global Harvest Collapse (discussion)

July 8, 2009 :: staff :: One Comment

The Hot Spring Network has opened a discussion, in collaboration with Café Sentido, on the need to diversify the global wheat crop in order to prevent an evolved crop fungus, Ug99, from destroying as much as 80% of the global wheat harvest.

More on page 3468

Kenya Massing Troops for Intervention in Somalia

June 26, 2009 :: staff :: 2 Comments

The Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki has ordered troops to the border with Somalia, in an apparent effort to bolster Ethiopian efforts to stabilize the war-torn, largely ungoverned country. Ongoing unrest and the prospects that a range of Islamist militia might take full control of Somali territory have stirred Ethiopia and Kenya to discuss means of strengthening the UN-backed provisional government, which has until now failed to bring order to the troubled nation, even as piracy and other international security threats have been spreading.

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Ug99 Stem Rust Fungus Could Wipe Out 80% of World Wheat Crop

June 23, 2009 :: staff :: 2 Comments

A crop-borne fungus that targets wheat, named Ug99 because it was first identified in Uganda in 1999, has become one of the primary threats to global food security. Newfound virulence in the evolving stem-rust strain suggests the fungus could destroy as much as 80% of the world’s most widely grown crop: wheat.

More on page 3183

Munich Re, Deutsche Bank, Siemens, E.ON & Others to Join 400 Billion Euro Solar Project

June 16, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

A coalition of German firms has answered a call to study making an investment of 400 billion € in solar energy across North Africa. The plan, initiated by the Club of Rome, which has been promoting sustainable development and sustainable economic growth practices, since 1972.

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Bongo, Leader of Gabon for 42 Years, Dies

June 9, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: No Comment Yet

Gabon’s president Omar Bongo has died, aged 73, while undergoing treatment for cancer in a clinic in Barcelona, Spain. Bongo took over the country in a 1967, after Leon Mba, Gabon’s first post-independence president, under whom Bongo was vice-president, died. Bongo had ruled for 22 years through an authoritarian one-party system based on legislation he had introduced granting himself the right to rule for life, then for another 20 years, after he was forced to legalize opposition parties by spreading political unrest.

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Shell Agrees $15.5 Million Settlement in 1995 Killing of 9 Activists

June 9, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: One Comment

In 1995, Ken Saro-Wiwa and 8 other activists, who had demonstrated peacefully for environmental and human rights, were murdered in Nigeria, apparently in connection with their campaigning against abuses linked to the oil industry. Now, Royal Dutch Shell has agreed to pay $15.5 million in a settlement aimed at ending the court proceedings against it, but without acknowledging complicity in the killings.

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‘A New Beginning’: Obama’s Cairo Speech (video + transcript)

June 4, 2009 :: staff :: One Comment

We meet at a time of tension between the United States and Muslims around the world – tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of co-existence and cooperation, but also conflict and religious wars. More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and opportunities to many Muslims, and a Cold War in which Muslim-majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslims to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.

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NOW Examines UN Peacekeeping: Record Deployments to 20 Countries

May 22, 2009 :: staff :: 3 Comments

The United Nations is now, more than ever, deploying troops around the world to act as “peacekeepers” in regions where factional conflict is entrenched and long-running. There are at least 115,000 UN peacekeepers, a record number, deployed in 20 countries around the globe. But troop levels are often low compared the size of the land-area or population that needs protecting.

More on page 2801

Playing for Change: War, No More Trouble (video)

May 15, 2009 :: staff :: No Comment Yet

As we made our way around the world we encountered love, hate, rich and poor, black and white, and many different religious groups and ideologies. It became very clear that as a human race we need to transcend from the darkness to the light and music is our weapon of the future. This song around the world features musicians who have seen and overcome conflict and hatred with love and perseverance.

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Playing for Change: One Love (video)

May 9, 2009 :: staff :: No Comment Yet

This “song around the world” recording of Bob Marley’s “One Love” is an expression of the Playing for Change team’s approach to using the creative process to reach the point where the message of human creativity and expression illuminates a basic common humanity. It is, like any effective rendition of the song, a hymn to love and understanding, but it is also a lesson about the little ways any given person might contribute texture and emotion to a shared undertaking, a strong example of the Playing for Change project.

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1,500 Women/Day Die in Childbirth Across Africa, says WHO

May 8, 2009 :: Evelyn Winston Perez :: 2 Comments

The World Health Organization has found that 1,500 women are dying every day across Africa from pregnancy-related complications or during childbirth. The figure has not improved over the last decade, largely due to the lack of adequate medical facilities. An extremely high rate of maternal mortality, as many as 1,000 per 100,000 live births (fully 1% of women giving birth), makes the situation an extreme threat to women’s health.

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Is Swine Flu Outbreak Contained? WHO Says No ‘Local Spread’ Outside N. America

May 4, 2009 :: Webb Tisch :: One Comment

The outbreak of a new strain of flu, influenza A H1N1, in April 2009, has set the gears of global public health policy in motion, with aggressive quarantine efforts in Hong Kong, a blanket culling of pigs in Egypt (despite zero human or swine cases), and a ‘Phase 5′ warning from the World Health Organization that the outbreak constituted an imminent pandemic threat. But now there are hints the H1N1 outbreak may be largely contained in North America.

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Journalists Around the World at Risk of Violence or Imprisonment

May 4, 2009 :: J.E. Robertson :: 2 Comments

As the world marked international Press Freedom Day yesterday, there was growing concern about the conditions facing journalists around the world. Reporters without Borders (RSF) has expressed concern a Tibetan editor jailed in China may be suffering torture, the American journalist Roxana Saberi is said to be frail due to an ongoing hunger strike in protest of her 8 year sentence for ‘espionage’ in Iran, and numerous heads of state are listed as ‘predators’ working against press freedom.

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Against the Good Nukes / Bad Nukes Fallacy

Cynicism often lends itself to the construction of intellectually convenient, overly facile descriptions of future events, which —bolstered by the impassioned worries and self-promotion of the cynic, the anti-prophet— quickly assume an air of prophetic certainty. Buoyed by the psychological satisfaction of carrying prophetic certainty within, the cynic then commits more and more fully to the proclamation of unshakeable doctrines about the future, based on bad-faith arguments and a passion for the despairing global outlook.

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